Europeans in Sikh History

		Abbot, Sir James		Gilbert, Sir Walter Raleigh
		Agnew, Patrick		Gomez
		Allard, Jean Francois		Gordon
		Andrews, Charles Freer		Gough, Sir Hugh
		Auckland, George Eden		Gould, John -
		Avitable, Paolo Crescenzo Martino		Guise, Walter
		Battice		Hardinge, Sir Henry
		Bentinck, Lord William Cavendish		Harlan, Josiah
		Benet		Harvey
		Brasyer C.B., Colonel J		Hobhouse, Sir John Cam
		Broadfoot, George		Holmes, John
		Brown, John		Honigberger, Dr John Martin
		Browne, Major James -		Hurbon
		Campbell, William		Lane, Stephen
		Canora, Francis John		Lawrence, Sir Henry Montgomery
		Churchill, Sir Winston		Lawrence, John Laird Mair
		Clerk, Sir George Russel		Littler, Sir John Hunter
		Cortlandt, Henry Charles Van		Macauliffe, Max Arthur
		Court, Claude Auguste		Mackeson, Frederick -
		Cunningham, Joseph Davey		Macnaghten, Sir William Hay
		Currie, Sir Frederick		Metcalfe, Sir Charles Theophilus)
		Dalhousie, James Andrew Broun Ramsay		Martindale
		De Facieu, Henri Joseph		Minto, Sir Gilbert Elliot
		De Facieu, Jean Alexis		Mouton, Francois Henri
		De La Font, Captain Auguste		Murray, Captain William
		De La Roche, Henri Francois Stanislaus		Ochterlony, Sir David
		De Mevius, Baron		Orlich, Captain Leopold Von
		De Puis or De L'ust		Osborne, W.G.
		Dubuignon, Robert Walter, De Talbot		Polier, Antoine-Louis Henri
		Eden, Emily		Richmond, Colonel A.F.
		Edwardes, Sir Herbert Benjamin		Smith, Sir Harry George Wakelyn
		Ellenborough, Lord Edward Law		Thackwell, Sir Edward Joseph
		Fane, Sir Henry		Thomas, George
		Ford, Mathew William		Ventura, Jean Baptiste
		Forster, George		Wade, Sir Claude Martine
		Foulkes, R		Wathen, Gerard Anstruther
		Francis		Whish, Sir William Sampson
		Francklin, William		Wilkins, Sir Charles
		Fukinaul, Thomas		Wolff, Joseph
		Gardner, Alexander

This section describes the biographies of Europeans who contributed in Sikh History

In 1822, two former generals of Napoleon Bonaparte arrived at Lahore, having travelled eastwards, sometimes in disguise, in search of suitable new employment. They found it at the Sikh court.

Ranjit Singh, the astute military campaigner, knew his army needed European-style tactics to keep the British threat at bay. The French officers supplied the perfect solution. Jean-Francois Allard and Jean-Baptiste Ventura became the first of a number of trusted Napoleonic generals in Ranjit Singh's service.

They were joined by Auguste Court, who played a key role in developing the artillery, Sikh engineers skilfully copying the cannons presented to Ranjit Singh by the British. The generals settled at Lahore, marrying local wives, employing court artists and exporting fine Kashmir shawls to France.

The British usually visited Lahore as part of diplomatic missions, each side keeping a wary eye on the other and reporting the events in their respective official documents. Artists from both sides also occasionally recorded their impressions, showing that the appreciation of exoticism was mutual. Many of these European visitors later published accounts of their visits, some of them illustrating their stories with prints taken from sketches of the leading personalities they had met at the Sikh court.